Read the Torah of Moses from the Plates of Brass here.
The Significance of the Name
The name “YHVH Elohim” is frequently used and appears to be a central identifier for the divine being. YHVH, also known as the Tetragrammaton, is often translated as Yahweh, Jehovah, Yehovah, or LORD. Elohim translates literally to “gods” and carries a feminine (“Eloh”) root with a masculine plural ending (“im”). Thus, Elohim can be understood as a collective, potentially encompassing both male and female aspects within God. YHVH Elohim is typically translated as “the LORD God,” suggesting that YHVH is a part of this Elohim collective.
The Role of Covenant Relationship
Covenants are depicted as foundational to the relationship between YHVH Elohim and humanity, especially with Israel, who are referred to as YHVH’s “covenant peoples.” These covenants establish obligations and expectations for both parties. YHVH promises blessings and protection in exchange for obedience to His commands and statutes (mitzvot). The concept of an “everlasting covenant” is mentioned, highlighting the enduring nature of this divine agreement. Breaking the covenant can lead to curses and separation from YHVH.
Key Commandments or Mitzvot in the Text
The text emphasizes several key commandments, including the prohibition of worshipping other gods (“no other elohim before me”), not taking the name of YHVH in vain, observing the Sabbath day as holy, honoring parents, and prohibitions against murder, adultery, stealing, bearing false witness, and coveting. Additionally, there are instructions regarding lending to the poor without interest, just weights and measures, and keeping oaths. These mitzvot are presented as essential for maintaining the covenant relationship with YHVH Elohim.
Consequences of Obedience and Disobedience
The text outlines clear blessings for obedience to YHVH Elohim, such as prosperity, victory over enemies, fruitfulness of the land and offspring, and being established as a holy people. Conversely, disobedience is warned to bring curses, including defeat, oppression, plagues, sickness, famine, and ultimately destruction. The idea of being “cut off” from among the people is also mentioned as a consequence of serious transgressions. These consequences serve as a strong incentive to adhere to the covenant and the mitzvot.
The Significance of the Sabbath
The Sabbath is presented as a crucial commandment, a day to be kept holy and free from labor. It is described as a sign and a mitzvah given specifically to Israel. Observing the Sabbath is tied to the creation narrative, where Elohim made the seventh day holy after creating the heavens and the earth in six ages. Defiling the Sabbath is portrayed as a serious offense, potentially leading to being marked as one who has fallen off the path and not being found in Israel.
Other Nations in Relation to Israel
Other nations are often depicted as potential sources of idolatry and corruption. Israelites are warned against making covenants with them, intermarrying with them, and adopting their religious practices. YHVH Elohim promises to drive out these nations to give the land to Israel. However, there is also a sense that through Israel, YHVH’s Voice (the Holy Ghost in Christian terms) will be heard in all nations, and those who receive this message will be accounted as Abraham’s seed and blessed.
The Role of Divine Communication
Prophets and prophetesses are mentioned as potential messengers of divine will, delivering signs and miracles. However, the text also cautions against false prophets who might entice people to follow other gods. The ability to discern true divine communication is important, and if a prophet oe prophetess’s words do not come to pass, they are to be considered presumptuous and not heeded. YHVH Elohim is portrayed as directly communicating with individuals like Moses and Abraham.
Theological Concepts or Names of God
Several other theological concepts and names related to the divine are mentioned. “Ahyeh Asher Ahyeh” (I AM that I AM) is referenced. “Ruach HaKodesh” (the Holy Spirit/Breath) and “Shekinah” (divine feminine or divine presence) are also noted. Other names for God include “Shaddai” (Almighty), “El Elyon” (The Most High God), and “Avinu” (Our Father). The concept of Elohim as potentially encompassing male and female aspects is significant. The text also refers to Ha’Elohim (the gods) creating the potential for a plurality of gods.
